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Code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing computer code—changing its internal structure without altering its external behavior—in order to improve the code’s readability, reduce complexity, and enhance maintainability. This process might involve activities like renaming variables or functions for better understanding, splitting large functions into smaller ones, or eliminating redundant code. Refactoring makes the code more understandable and easier to modify, enabling developers to discover and fix bugs or add new features more efficiently. It’s an integral part of agile development practices and often goes hand in hand with the practice of Test-Driven Development (TDD) to ensure that changes do not affect the functionality of the software.